The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 994 Words

Life can come to a stop sometimes when a person is weighed down by burdens. For some people it may be too difficult to live in the present while constantly thinking about the past and because of this are unable to move on. These can be burdens that they have been carrying for a long time or even recently. In the short story, â€Å"The Things They Carried,†Tim O’Brien uses symbolism, ambiguity, and a non-linear narrative structure to illustrate emotional burdens. The concept of symbolism is used by O’Brien to portray the different emotional burdens the soldiers are feeling. These symbols are mainly items that the characters carry with them while performing their tasks. One symbol that really stood out is the character Henry Dobbins and the personal item he carried. O’Brien states, â€Å"Henry Dobbins carried his girlfriend’s pantyhose wrapped around his neck as a comforter† (349). The intimates are referred to as a â€Å"comforter† whic h can be interpreted to mean that the article of clothing is providing warmth to Dobbins. I imagine him wearing the piece like a scarf to protect him from the war. He’s reminded of his old life with his girlfriend before being drafted for the war. Dobbins is having a sense of longing, and because of this feeling he is going to be occupied, mentally, about this emotion and it will distract him from his duties. Another symbol that caught my attention are the items that Lieutenant Jimmy Cross carried with him, the obvious items being the letters from MarthaShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in th e book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. DesensitizationRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many veterans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily due to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happ ened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first part of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –

Why Women Get Involved in Prostitution - 2044 Words

Prostitution has been going on for many centuries. Many studies have gone on, researching and trying to understand on why women get involved with prostitution and the main effects it has on then. Some report the main causes of early prostitution was due to poverty and deviance. Many see it as a career, a way to make a living and survive and provide for their families. â€Å"Studies show that many women engage themselves in such activities as prostitution by their own choice, forced into it, or because of their own mental health state.†(Chudakov 305) The start of prostitution started centuries. In the beginning many women were obligated to have sex with men. Along with citizens from other countries being forced onto cluttered boats to come to†¦show more content†¦Once they have the child they need to find a way to support them. This is where it leads into adult prostitution and drug dealing in order to support their new family. Once someone is involved in drugs and prostitution it is very hard for them to get out. They are used to the lifestyle and find it as a type of addiction. When a person starts prostitution at a young age, they grow into it. They do not learn how to live a decent and healthy lifestyle. Many teens and adult women who get involved into prostitution come from poor, abusive families and have very little education. (Flowers 89-91) A study done by Joanna Phoenix in 2000 discusses â€Å"women’s sustained involvement in prostitution. In the late twentieth century it is taken for granted that women’s involvement in prostitution can be explained in terms of poverty and/or vulnerability to predatory men. However, closer examination of the stories that prostitute-women recount reveals that their narratives are marked by a paradox that inheres in the contradictory effects of involvement in prostitution and the antithetical representations of prostitution offered by the women.† (Phoenix 37) In the study Phoenix does not support or go against either side. Her studies primarily argue that women freely enter into prostitution because of economic rewards, she also argues that their continued involvement makes sense with in their social and material conditions in which they live. (Phoenix 38) SecondlyShow MoreRelatedProstitution : The Crime Of Prostitution1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthe crime of prost itution I wrote down several different explanations that I believe explain why women participate in prostitution. Women participate in the act of prostitution for many reasons. First and foremost prostitution is known to be a very lucrative business, similar to the porn industry and stripping industry. Therefore, women participate in prostitution to make large amounts of money; in prostitution (like in any other profession) money is always the main motive. Some women participateRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Prostitution927 Words   |  4 Pages Legalizing prostitution! A way for the American government to create job opportunities for the American women that chooses this profession. Prostitution is legal in many countries, so why not all of the United States? Prostitution should not be a crime! Sex is not a crime. Exchanging of money is not a crime. So, why should the two combined be a crime? Women can have sex with as many people as she wants in her private life, it’s her bo dy and her choice. So what if she charges for it. She is providingRead MoreIs Human Trafficking An Age Old Profession?1323 Words   |  6 Pagespoint of sexual exploitation, or is it prostitution, the â€Å"world’s oldest profession?† Prostitution is an age old profession, not necessarily a crime one when one thinks about the longstanding history in society. Most of the images associated with prostitution are grown women in trashy clothes soliciting dirty men. These are not people you would give the time of day, let alone go out of the way to see if they were being forced into this profession. After all, why would someone do such dishonorable workRead MoreCauses and Effects of Prostitution757 Words   |  4 PagesA. Prostitution in the Philippines 1. Propagation of prostitution during the time of the Spanish Colonization in the Philippines ïÆ'Ëœ The rape of native women by the Spaniards created a reserve of â€Å"fallen† women who became available to service not only the homesick Spanish troops and dignities, but also the friars. ïÆ'Ëœ By the 19th century, prostitution was an occupation for women in Manila. 2. Prostitution during the time of the American Occupation in the Philippines ïÆ'Ëœ The outbreak of the Philippine-AmericanRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Illegal?1268 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I don’t understand why prostitution is illegal. Selling is legal. Fucking is legal. Why isn’t selling fucking legal? You know, why should it be illegal to sell something that’s perfectly legal to give away?† (Carlin, n.d). Prostitution is the act of selling sexual services in exchange for money. Prostitution has been around for thousands of years, it is known as the oldest profession in the world. Today both, women and men are engaged into the industry of sex and prostitution. Even though it isRead MoreProstitution As A Form Of Sexual Abuse899 Words   |  4 PagesProstitution can have the meaning of, â€Å"engaging in sexual acts or activities for the exchange of money or goods†, this can also be a form of sexual abuse. Prostitution status for the countries shown for the â€Å" number of countries prostitution is illegal: 109, n umber of countries prostitution is restricted: 11, number of countries prostitution is legal: 77, number of countries with no laws for prostitution: 5.† Prostitution is illegal in all states in the US except for 11 counties in Nevada. The MannRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Wrong And Irrational1125 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world. Women think it’s okay to be a prostitute because it earns them money. Well, it’s the total opposite of that, according to victims of this terrible wrongdoing. Human trafficking is wrong and irrational, because it publicly embarrasses women, causes problems in their life, and can end up killing the females if it is continued. Prostitution is a lot more than it seems to be. Prostitution is known as the â€Å"world’s oldest profession† and involves the sexual exploitation of women or childrenRead MoreCrimes Committed by Women820 Words   |  3 Pagesimage of women is associated with tenderness, care, and maternity, but sometimes the image is completely the opposite. Many different studies and books have been written about female offenders and circumstances that lead them to commit a crime. Belknap (2007) examines different theories and studies to determine the reason why a woman crosses the border of the law. There are a many different types of crimes that could be committed by women, such as property crimes and prostitution, but the mostRead MoreProstitution Is The Practice Of Performing Sexual Activity1625 Words   |  7 Pages Prostitution is the practice of performing sexual activity to get paid. This practice has existed for centuries and yet the question remains – is prostitution moral? It is because prostitution involves selling something very personal to earn money. Many people think that prostitution encourages slavery for women and selling body in return for money is very wrong while others think that prostitution is just like any other service so there is nothing immoral about it. In this paper, I will argue thatRead MoreShould the United States Legalize Prostitution? Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution in its legal sense is defined as sexual intercourse of some kind in exchange for some kind of payment, usually money (Adriaenssens and Hendrickx 665; Perer 826).As of 2013, there are an estimated 1 million to 2 million prostitutes active in the world wide sex work industry today (Adriaenssens and Hendrickx 666). Prostitution is illegal in the United States; however, many experts thin k that should change. Most European and Asian countries have legalized prostitution (Agustà ­n 74). Some

The American Health Care System’s Limited Access Free Essays

Identify and discuss the factors that limit access to health care services for many people in America. According to a published Guidebook for providers entitled â€Å"Achieving Cultural Competence: A Guidebook for Providers of Services to Older Americans and Their Families (January 2001)†, there are two general and primary factors that limit certain groups of the American population in their access to appropriate health care.   These are the structural barriers and the cultural barriers. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Health Care System’s Limited Access or any similar topic only for you Order Now Structural barriers are further categorized into two sub-factors. These are the   External barrier factors such as lack of health insurance coverage and out of pocket costs and the Logistical difficulty factors such as lack of transportation, language difficulty (or comprehension) and illiteracy (CC Guidebook, 2001). Meanwhile, Cultural barriers are also categorized into internal and external factors.   Internal factors are those caused by traditional practices among certain ethnic groups like Asians – particularly the older Chinese generation – who refuse to reveal details about their affliction or disease because they regard these matters as purely personal and should be kept within tight family circles only.   Particularities of these traditional beliefs usually affect the provision of a more thorough health scanning and diagnosis, thus resulting to usual misdiagnoses or prognoses (CC Guidebook, 2001). Cultural external factors include a lack of comprehensive background data or earlier studies about the cultural nuances and statistics for these underserved minority groups (CC Guidebook, 2001).   As a direct result, the lack of available research data affects the decision of policy makers and federal level planners to incorporate cultural nuances into intervention programs that could break the trend of a â€Å"cultural block† or absence of data. Furthermore, policy makers tend to group together certain ethnic groups as those â€Å"not needing† specific care like nursing home services or elder care because of the assumption or misconception that all elderly people from a specific ethnic group like the Hispanics who have close personal ties and the Asian groups, that they will take care of their elderly.   Research did confirm this fact (CC Guidebook, 2001, p10) but this shouldn’t be the norm or primary continuing assumption in the future.   To quote from the Guidebook (CC Guidebook, 2001, p10): â€Å"Research does confirm that a significant proportion of minority elders live with their family. Unmarried older African Americans are twice as likely to live with family  members as whites, Hispanic American and Asian American elders are three times as  likely, and half of urban Native American elders live with family members (controlling for income, health status, and other characteristics)†. 2. Identify the specific populations and groups that face difficulties with access to health care services. According to the Fact Sheet published by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, two predominant ethnic minority groups lack the basic access to primary and preventive care in the US.   These groups are the African-Americand and the Hispanic population in the US (AHRQ, February 2000). To quote: â€Å"About 30 percent of Hispanic and 20 percent of black Americans lack a usual source of health care compared with less than 16 percent of whites. Hispanic children are nearly three times as likely as non-Hispanic white children to have no usual source of health care. African Americans and Hispanic Americans are far more likely to rely on hospitals or clinics for their usual source of care than are white Americans (16 and 13 percent, respectively, v. 8 percent)†. These data from AHRQ and other agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Services formed the (HHS) formed the basic tenets and foundation for the 18 out of 28 focal areas for their Ten year Plan entitled â€Å"Healthy People 2010†.   Six out of these 18 focal areas are geared toward eliminating factors to health barriers and disparities such as: gender, race or ethnicity, education or income, disability, geographic location, or sexual orientation.   According to the OMH, there is â€Å"Compelling evidence indicates that race and ethnicity correlate with persistent, and often increasing, health disparities among U.S. populations in all these categories and demands national attention’ (Fact Sheet, AHRQ, 2000). References: Achieving Cultural Competence: A Guidebook for Providers of Services to Older Americans and Their Families (January 2001). (Chapter 10 and 11). Retrieved on February 28, 2007. From: https://aoa.acl.gov/#search=`Achieving%20Cultural%20Competence Addressing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Fact Sheet, February 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   AHRQ Publication No. 00-PO41. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality,    Rockville, MD. Retrieved on February 28, 2007. From:                   https://www.ahrq.gov/research/disparit.htm Cover the Uninsured Week 2007 (April 23 to 29).   Retrieved from the homepage on February 28, 2007.   From: http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/articles-and-news/2011/06/looking-back-on-cover-the-uninsured-week.html?cid=xdr_ccs_001 Keppel, K. et. al. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Trends in Racial and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethnic-Specific Rates   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   for the Health Status Indicators: United States, 1990-98.    Retrieved on February 28, 2007.   From:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statnt/statnt23.pdf National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Midcourse Assessment of Healthy People   Ã‚  Ã‚   2010 Goal II (PPT). (2006). Retrieved on February   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   28, 2007.   From: http://www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/4/176/PatientversionFINAL.pdf Office of Minority Health website. â€Å"Eliminating Racial Ethnic Health Disparities†. Retrieved on February 28, 2007. From:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.cdc.gov/omh/AboutUs/disparities.htm â€Å"What Healthcare Consumers need to know about Racial and Ethnic disparities in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Healthcare†. (March 2002). Institute of Medicine. Retrieved on February 28,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007. From:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/4/176/PatientversionFINAL.pdf How to cite The American Health Care System’s Limited Access, Essay examples

Business Ethics Starbucks

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics for Starbucks. Answer: Starbucks was established in the year 1971 as a partnership in the Seattle. Five years later, Howard Schultz enjoined the company as the overall director of the retail and marketing department and in 1985, Starbucks began opening one of its first stores in the downtown Seattle. In the recent times, Starbucks has gained its ranks in the international arena and is currently the third largest company chain known to offer quality services in its many convenient stores in over 55 countries. Starbucks Coffee Company ranks as the best Corporation in the world taking pride as the torch bearer in roasting and distribution of coffee. The company now boasts of over 150000 coffee outlets all over the world. The company is located in North America, Europe, Asia, Latin America and Middle Asia. The company offers a wealth of diversity as well as the depth of its services which has allowed it to stay in the international exposure making it enjoy a strong presence in the radar. Facts about the case analysis The major facts about this case analysis include social responsibility, reputation, and environmental consciousness in Starbucks. Starbucks is known to involve in social responsibility actions for two notable reasons, one, the impact the company has on its finances and the non-monetary rewards it offers its employees plus other investments. As documented, Starbucks has had active involvement in social responsibility actions since its inceptions. One Schultz, a notable figure in championing for the for an increase in the awareness of business ethics as well as the belief of the general public on the company, has had his dreams fulfilled, at least till now. Schultz has shown his commitment to helping to improve the lives of many, the farmers, majority of whom are poor by way of purchasing their beans on their behalf and saving them the burden of looking for their buyers. The director bases his assumption on the provision that; it is a lesser burden for a company to bear short-term loss es compared to losing sight of some of the fundamental values of the company in the long run. Through offering help to the poor farmers, Starbucks through its director helps the farmers in making a living. As a result of this initiative, the income among farmers have assumed a positive inclination and as such, have doubled in the recent times. Through this, it is worth the assumption that Starbucks image has also been improved as a company that means well to not only its farmers but also its employees. This has been motivated by the companys spirit of commitment to both ethics and sustainability. Starbucks is known to be part of the non-profit making organizations on an engagement capacity and as such, has done tremendous contributions in the way of donations to some of the known charity organizations. For instance, Starbucks has generously contributed to one Charity referred to as Check In Charity. It should also be noted that Starbucks not only believes in giving back to the society but also in the spirit of taking care of the welfare of its workers. In this view, the company has put in place one of the best healthcare services to its employees as part of the welfare program. From its production approach, Starbucks rewards all those employees who work for more than 20 hours a week and also have at their disposal, a wide option of stocks to choose from. Starbucks has responded to its employee and staff needs by coming up with ways of ensuring that the employees have the feeling of being part of something bigger. The company has demonstrated some consistency on the issue of healthcare provision and as such, has made it a priority to spend more on the health insurance programs for the employees under its care more than it spends on the raw materials that it needs to process the products. In the year 1992, Starbucks was seen to have implemented the Environmental Coffee Company Affairs team. The main mandate of this team was to ensure that environmentally conscious and responsible policies were put in place to guide the company in its production. One of the major undertakings the company realized through the team was the development of a new sleeve that was aimed at creating 100,000 trees as well as the creation of recyclable plastic cups that would prove useful in allowing the customers to save ten units on their refills. As a company, the key drivers ensuring that there is a change in the environmental factors are most notably to the high impact it has on the success of the strategy or its failure. One of the key drivers in this respect is the green tech. Many companies are known to be under pressure by their governments to comply with issues of the environment so as to limit on the emission of pollutants in their fight to reduce global warming. Starbucks must ensure that it does everything to see to it that it complies with the regulations. Starbucks has considered the fact that majority of its customers are young and as such, are obliged to using such things as computers. As such, the company uses its powers to offer flawless services to its customers at all times. Since there are such challenges as global aging, individuals with higher buying power as well as the desire to keep at a pace with the ever dynamic trends in changing consumer behavior. Ethical issues to be addressed In every production company, there are notable ethical challenges that the company needs to address. In this case, the main ethical issue that the company faces lies within its strategy which is mainly concerned with the expansion of the company popularly known as the clustering strategy. Starbucks tries to see open its branches in various locations globally, and this idea has already led to the cluster of such branches on a single street. This attempt has many ethical concerns and barriers, and this mainly concerns the smaller coffee shops that have so far been witnessed from various points. The move has seen many coffee shop owners going out of business and have since gone bankrupt since many of the Starbucks outlets have been dispersed all over the place. Starbucks should take it upon itself to rethink its decision to adopt this expansion strategy as they might be forced to look for a way of minimizing the amount of coffee shops to leave out. The other notable challenge among the Starbucks stakeholders is their ability to uphold the beliefs and values they practice today. It will prove challenging to keep up with the good relationship the company has had with its employees in the past and even assuming better relations with its suppliers and the community as a whole. 1: Why do you think Starbucks has been so concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy? Many companies are built on the spirit of social responsibility and ethical production procedures, and so is Starbucks. Being that the corporation has a direct link and by extension, impact on its consumers, it is important that it takes social responsibility at heart. In the contemporary world, consumers are very keen on observing what their companies do with their accrued profits. They demand to be informed of the ways companies are administered, what the money obtained from the company as a profit is invested in among other imperative issues. To have these problems addressed, it calls for the companies, Starbucks included, to come up with strategic plans that would ensure the accounting phase is carried out. Starbucks could have resorted to adopting the social responsibility philosophy as a way of developing respect for its brand. This can be argued from the perspective that a product with greater respect has more prospects of profitability, and this is a sure benefit to the company. This eventually bears great benefits regarding public relations and product image as the company demonstrates its quest to preserve the environment and safeguard the community. Social responsibility is of importance to Starbucks since it helps the company to take its strategy of customer expectations and experience to the next best level since the experience is attached to the notion of making the company achieve its corporate goals and mission. This can best be illustrated by the following example; in case Starbucks happens to donate some of its profits to a known institution like an orphanage that houses kids with cancer through supplying them with food, then the company will be deemed to be of good will to the community and offers personality to the company. The other possible reason as to why Starbucks should take it upon itself to demonstrate some sense of corporate social responsibility is to make the company make adequate use of its surplus gains which could be in terms of money donations, organizing the events for its clients, helping their employees among other economically conscious projects which display good results to the economic profile of the company. It is also possible that the company, being run by competitive managers, have the feeling of doing good things as it is the norm among humans and as such, feels the good in helping others and in investing in other productive undertakings. Starbucks is concerned with the social responsibility since it aims at reducing the eco-friendly mark as well as being able to become tangled with the community. This is also important to the corporate world since its corporate ethical responsibility should be to improve over a stretched period. Consumers have the feeling of worthiness when the company conveys its business to the socially responsible companies such as Starbucks, and the organizations impression is good concerning the work as well as the companys impression being good. This makes Starbucks provide much better services to the consumers as a whole. 2: Is Starbucks unique in being able to provide high-level benefits to its employees? It is worth noting that Starbucks is one of the irreplaceable companies a country can ever have. It offers a series of high-level benefits to its employees and the organization as a whole. It is not in doubt that many organizations or companies do not provide benefits to either its employees or the organization itself. Starbucks strives to instill some sense of understanding and upholds the importance of delivering on its mission as well as acknowledging its role in the face of other corporate organizations. It could be argued that Starbucks has also been unique in providing remunerations to its employees. The company has certainly laid the bar high in comparison to other fast moving restaurants or companies. The company not only provides health, vision, and dental services but also make it possible for the employees to invest in such things as stock. Starbucks as a company also believes in the philosophy of taking care of its employees and staff as this directly resonates with success. As documented in the case, the company strives to deliver more on the provision of healthcare compared to coffee beans. Starbucks is making the difference since as a company, it prides in giving its employees various benefits. It is noted that in the year 2005, Starbucks spent exceedingly on the health insurance than it did on the raw materials to prepare its coffee. It is documented that if a company acknowledges its employees and rewards them well, then the staff will deliver on their best capacity and ensure a good turn around as a way of showing their gratitude to the organization for acknowledging their efforts. The company, through the provision of such high-level benefits to the employees, it gets the privilege of creating some good working culture and environment, a fact that every company strives to get in years. 3: Do you think Starbucks has grown rapidly because of its ethical and socially responsible activities or because it provides products and an environment customers want? Honestly, the result could be analyzed from two perspectives. The argument could blend into the mixture of both. Starbucks has pumped money back into the society and is one of the chief stakeholders to defend the image as well as the creation of a happy working environment through the provision of benefits to employees that perform their duties for over 20 hours weekly. The company is offering their staff what many employees would wish to have to other companies, something they wished made them feel part of the company. Starbucks has also put in place a laid back work environment to their clients through the provision of Wi-Fi which can be accessed free of charge as well as offering a place for them to undertake their adventure or work on their projects at will. At Starbucks, every position is conveniently situated in the office buildings, the college campuses, and the book store. This case points to the various success ladders of the company and how the company strives to maintain its good reputation for purposes of social responsibility and business ethics in the entire global community among the coffee growers through offering positive relations with the small coffee providers and other bigger ones. Starbucks, known for its expression of growth based on its strategic plan and mission, strives to demonstrate socially and ethically accountable activities and in the same spirit tries to deliver on quality products that are not only consumer friendly but also environmental friendly. The corporate word should at all times be in a position to deliver on the socially responsible and ethically conscious guidelines. It not in doubt that the socially conscious productions appeal to the very image of the public and earns a company its desired reputation. Every consumer would wish to offer the best available support, there be any, to such companies that provide a good impression to the public eye and as such, can attract many employees to work on the firm. It is possible that Starbucks sees a remarkable growth which in its self, is rapid. This growth is deemed to have come from Starbucks innovative and efficient production. The company is known to exploit myriad avenues including new opportunities and working on the identified areas. Nonetheless, the companys ethical and social responsibility works in a way to help the company relate well with the environment, the employees, the clients, and the entire community. The company has achieved its growth through two main tools, that is, humility and ambition. Humility has opened the companys eyes to have the glimpse as many tasks they can undertake in the right manner like charity, workers benefits and ecology among other respects. The other factor that has been of importance in elevating the prospects of the company is its ability to acquire the level of comprehension among clients who are endowed with myriad demands concerning good customer services ranging from good installations to produ ction of highly valuable products. From the problems that the company is facing, few recommended branding strategies can help take it recover and realize a turnaround. Of key note is the viral marketing. In the contemporary world, the usual techniques of marketing done by the media are not as much effective. People have become tech-savvy. Starbucks has in its endeavor to realize a good marketing approach to its customers, relied on the word of mouth coupled with a few marketing and advertising mix. The traditional ways of marketing have long been outdated and as such, been overtaken by the like of Facebook and Twitter. The company should also make use of adjustments to its brand portfolio. In the most recent years, many changes have taken shape in the portfolio of the company concerning its production. The company started by including hot meals, ice-creams and cold beverages to its menus. With this view, the company is even contemplating venturing into some wine and beer sales in some of its stores. This move can be viewed as a dangerous move that requires keen steps for the company as it might find itself straying from the key roots it initially derived its operations from. Conclusion As a production company that believes in improving its services and overcoming its challenges, it is important for the company to seek out for other best available alternatives. It is common knowledge that the provision of health services to employees is one of the best priorities a company such as Starbucks can have. However, there are other alternatives that the company can resort to. In actuality, it makes little sense from an economics perspective that a company spends more on the provision of health insurance at the expense of production. The main focus of Starbucks should mainly be on their customers and products. It is also important for Starbucks to reevaluate its marketing plan. Honestly, having many Starbucks outlets in one place is in itself a tricky move. The company should exhaust from a list of many opportunities available out there and be able to make the best out of them rather than putting pressure on the other smaller coffee shops in the streets. The other challenge that the company should address is how to address their environmental challenges. It is in the best interest of the company to try and remain consistent with its environmentally friendly campaigns and processes. Allowing the clients to buy refillable cups in a bid to save on the ten units is a brilliant idea, but then it becomes a challenge when the company offers its coffee in plastic cups and paper coffee cups which customers throw away on a daily basis without minding the environment. To this end, it becomes imperative for the company to coin a process that will help in recycling the cups used by the customers as a way of protecting the environment. There is a great potential in the coffee market for Starbucks as its opportunity for coffee consumption has seen a remarkable increase on an annual basis. The company, therefore, requires some understanding of the pros and cons as well as the similarities and differences in the landscape of global branding. They should also strive to enter into co-branding strategy as per the environment policies laid down for its adoption. It is important that the company adopts any of the recommended strategies that can surely help bring a comeback for the company in the coffee market. References Journal of Business Ethics. (n.d.). doi:10.1007/10551.1573-0697 Business Ethics. (2005). doi:10.1007/b100414 Engineering, Business Professional Ethics. (2007). doi:10.4324/9780080469478 Bagozzi, R. P. (1998). Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Starbucks Pays More to Benefit Coffee Workers. (1998). Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility, 12(2), 9-9. doi:10.5840/bemag199812222 Starbucks Pays More to Benefit Coffee Workers. (1998). Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility, 12(2), 9-9. doi:10.5840/bemag199812222 Business Ethics. (n.d.). Business Performance Excellence. doi:10.5040/9781472920430.0026 Cattanach, R. E. (1995). The Handbook of environmentally conscious manufacturing: From design production to labeling recycling. Chicago: Irwin Professional Pub. Chaston, I. (2009). Starbucks. doi:10.4135/9781473938595 Enz, C. A. (2010). Hospitality strategic management: Concepts and cases. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Business ethics today. (n.d.). For Business Ethics, 112-111. doi:10.4324/9780203458457_chapter_9 Gupta, S. M. (2008). Environment conscious manufacturing. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Haskova, K. (2015). Starbucks Marketing Analysis. CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study, 2015(1). doi:10.1515/cris-2015-0002 Introduction. (n.d.). Kantian Business Ethics. doi:10.4337/9781781004968.00005 Kim, M., Zhang, B., Lee, J. (2009). Dynamic and Static Influence Models on Starbucks Networks. 2009 International Conference on Advances in Social Network Analysis and Mining. doi:10.1109/asonam.2009.50 Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2012). Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kutz, M. (2007). Environmentally conscious materials and chemicals processing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Majumdar, R. (1996). Marketing strategies. New Delhi: Allied. Marques, J., Camillo, A. A., Holt, S. (n.d.). The Starbucks Culture:. Handbook of Research on Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibilities, 302-312. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-7476-9.ch014 Melvin, S. P. (2012). Case Study of a Coffee War: Using the Starbucks v. Charbucks Dispute to Teach Trademark Dilution, Business Ethics, and the Strategic Value of Legal Acumen. Journal of Legal Studies Education, 29(1), 27-57. doi:10.1111/j.1744-1722.2011.01098.x Peter, J. P., Donnelly, J. H. (2013). Marketing management: Knowledge and skills. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Pride, W. M., Ferrell, O. C. (n.d.). Foundations of marketing. Samli, A. C. (2004). Up against the retail giants: Targeting weakness, gaining an edge. Mason, OH: Thomson. Social media and technology in the U.S. foodservice industry trends and opportunities for an emerging market. (2011). Rockville, MD: Packaged Facts. Vrontis, D., Kogetsidis, H. (2008). Environmental analysis as a means to customer satisfaction: The case of Starbucks in Cyprus. J. for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development JIBED, 3(3/4), 188. doi:10.1504/jibed.2008.019156

Macbeth 87 Essays - Characters In Macbeth, English-language Films

Macbeth 87 In the play Macbeth, there were many interesting sections which could be concentrated on due to the suspense and the involvement of the supernatural. The use of the supernatural in the witches, the visions, the ghost, and the apparitions is a key element in making the concept of the play work and in making the play interesting. Looking through each Act and Scene of the play, it is noticed that the supernatural is definitely a major factor on the play's style. The use of the supernatural occurs at the beginning of the play, with three witches predicting the fate of Macbeth. This gives the audience a clue to what the future holds for Macbeth. When the battles lost and won (Act I, Scene I, l.4) was said by the second witch. It says that every battle is lost by one side and won by another. Macbeth's fate is that he will win the battle, but will lose his time of victory for the battle of his soul. After the prophecies of the witches' revealed the fate of Macbeth, the plan in which to gain power of the throne is brought up. The only way to gain power of the throne was for Macbeth to work his way to the throne, or to murder King Duncan. Murdering the king was an easier plan since the motivation in his dreams urged him on. Lady Macbeth also relied on the supernatural by her soliloquy of calling upon the evil spirits to give her the power to plot the murder of Duncan without any remorse or conscience (Act I, Scene V, ll.42-57). The three sisters a re capable of leading people into danger resulting in death, such as the sailor who never slept (Act I, Scene III, ll.1-37). Lady Macbeth has convinced her husband Macbeth to murder King Duncan. On the night they planned to kill Duncan, Macbeth is waiting for Lady Macbeth to ring the signal bell to go up the stairs to Duncan's chamber. He sees the vision of the floating dagger. The interest of the dagger is that it leads Macbeth towards the chamber by the presence of evil of the dagger being covered with blood. Then the bell rings and Macbeth stealthily proceeds up the staircase to Duncan's chamber. Once the murder has been committed, eventually Banquo has his suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan to have power of the throne. There is constantly more guilt and fear inside Macbeth and his wife that they decide to have Banquo killed. Macbeth and his wife attend a banquet in which a ghost appears. Once the murderer notified Macbeth that the deed was done, he observed the ghost of Banquo sitting in his regular seat. This caused Macbeth to act in a wild manner, making people suspicious of his actions. (Act II I, Scene VI, ll.31-120). The use of the supernatural has increased the suspense now that Macbeth is constantly relying on the prophecies of the three witches. Hecate, the Queen of witches is angry with the three sisters for not involving her in their encounters with Macbeth. The witches plan to lead Macbeth to his downfall by making him feel over-confident. (Act III, Scene V, ll.1-35). Further on in the play, Macbeth finds his way to the witches' cave and demands to know what lies ahead for him. The three witches predict what he is going to ask and produce the first apparition which is an armed head. Macbeth!, Macbeth!, Macbeth!, beware of Macduff; beware thane of Fife. Dismiss me: enough. (Act VI, Scene I, ll.77-78). The first apparition tells Macbeth to beware of Macduff. Then the second apparition appears (a bloody child), and says: Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. (Act IV, Scene I, ll.85-87). This apparition informs Macbeth that no man born from a woman can harm him. finally, the last apparition appears and is a child crowned, with a tree in his hand. The apparition is saying that he will never be defeated until Great Birnam wood shall come against him to High Dunsinane Hill. Be lion melted, proud, and take no care who chafes, who frets,

Free Essays on The Fellowship Of The Ring

that aren’t used much anymore, that really grabbed my attention and were fun to read. I think that’s a key part in making this book fun and exciting to read. One suspenseful action scene was when e... Free Essays on The Fellowship Of The Ring Free Essays on The Fellowship Of The Ring The Fellowship of The Ring J.R.R. Tolkien This book takes place at the end of the previous book The Hobbit. It does not take place directly after the book but rather many years after when Bilbo’s young nephews grew up. Bilbo did not have any children of his own; he adopted one of his young nephews by the name of Frodo Baggins. He took care of Frodo as if he was his own and they had a very good relationship. The protagonist of this story is Frodo. The antagonist of this story is a great evil leader by the name of Solron. Many years ago he was a great leader and was the most powerful thanks to this powerful ring. In a great battle vs. man Solron was slain and the ring was taken by the man who slain him. The ring turned many faces and many people turned on their masters or leader and became corrupted by the ring. The ring turned good people to bad. After people killing each other for the ring it ended up in the hands of a small hobbit by the name of Bilbo Baggins. It was pasted down and given to his nephew Frodo. Gandalf returned to the shire to talk to Frodo. Gandalf had a great adventure to send Frodo on. The adventure was to take a ring that had great powers and destroy it. This was a very dangerous task but without even thinking it over Frodo agreed. Frodo would not take part in this journey alone he had help from Sam, Merry, and Pippin. Their journey would begin and they headed off and away from the shire that has been their home for so many years. On their journey down the great road they saw a Dark rider, riding a big black horse. These were the dark riders set out to find the ring and whoever would be in possession of it. They would stop at nothing to get the ring. Frodo would see these dark riders for the rest of his journey. The journey was long and allowed them to meet great people along the way, most of the people offering help in some way. The first great person they meet was Tom Bombadil. They meet Tom while crossing ... Free Essays on The Fellowship Of The Ring I have read and analyzed J.R.R Tolkien’s book The Lord of the Rings-â€Å"The Fellowship of the Ring†. Tolkien creates a mystical world called middle earth with his wonderful imagination. His degree in language helped him create an entire written language called â€Å"Qenya† witch is spoken by the elves. The Fellowship of the Ring was written as the first of three books made to be sequals of the book Hobbit. Tolkien thought the Hobbit would appeal to children, and was published as a children’s book. The Fellowship of the Ring starts in the Shire (in Hobbiton where the hobbits live). During the first few chapters it introduces characters not in Hobbit such as Frodo, Pippen (Paragrin), Mary (Maridock), and Sam (Samwise) who are all hobbits. Later more main characters come in. Aragorn a human Ranger from the north, Legolas an elf from the woodlands, Boramire a human from Gondor, and Gimly son of Gloin a dwarf are all introduced near the beginning. They form a fellowship of nine, including Gandalf the grey, a powerful wizard. They are set out on a journey to destroy the all powerful ring forged by the dark lord Sauron, before he gets it and covers all the land in sick and darkness using its powers. Frodo is the ring barer. Tolkien makes this book extremely exciting using select word choice and wonderful dialog to really put you in the shoes of the characters. Suspenseful action sequences and heart wrenching disasters make this book exciting and fun to read. Tolkien also grabs readers by the interesting names and titles of the people and places mentioned in the book. Another exciting key in The Fellowship of the Ring is the hobbits inner strength to endure the evil of the ring. Many words used in this book were new to me, old words that aren’t used much anymore, that really grabbed my attention and were fun to read. I think that’s a key part in making this book fun and exciting to read. One suspenseful action scene was when e...

Technologically Advanced Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Technologically Advanced Modern World - Essay Example One such element is the image of women in the media. The image of women is distorted and misrepresented in visual media and hence, it has become a matter of concern for the society. This fact has been brought in open by feminists. In her UNESCO-funded study, Margaret Gallagher (1979) has raised her concern regarding the distorted image of women in media, as according to her, â€Å"media are potentially powerful agents of socialization and social change-presenting models, conferring status, suggesting appropriate behaviors, encouraging stereotypes† etc (Byerly & Ross 17). Hence, by repeatedly representing women as weak, irrational and ‘object’ for sexual pleasure, the media has damaged their image. Also, as far as the image of women in movies is concerned, the most disturbing image is the image of ‘monstrous-feminine’ in the horror movies. Feminists have observed that in horror movies, it is not the ‘females’ who are represented as a †˜monsters,’ but it is their femininity and the sexuality which is shown as horrifying and hence, monstrous (Byerly & Ross 21). This shows that it is the ‘male mind’ which tries to degrade the femininity through monstrous representation of females in horror movies. However, the theory that best helps people in understanding the representation of femininity and female sexuality as monstrous, is the theory of psychoanalysis, as it not only reveals the social structure that leads to it, but also the roots of misrepresentation of femininity as monstrous, that lies deep in the unconscious of male human beings. Image of Women In Movies Although there have been many changes in the technology and media, the image of women in the media has remained quite unchanged. Women have always been represented in cinema as weaker sex. The reason behind no change in the image of women in cinema is the unconscious aspects of the male mind, and the ideological concept of cinema, which are usually dominated by ‘males’ in the society (Mulvey 58). The unconscious aspect of the male dominated society, which considers women as nothing but an ‘object’ of desire or a weaker sex, is reflected in the female characters in the movies. Hence, cinema has become a mirror of the patriarchal system in the society. According to British film theorist and feminist Laura Mulvey, Hollywood has maintained its entertainment value by manipulating the mage of the women in cinema to please men’s visual desire of seeing women as sex object (Mulvey 59). Sadly, women are not only shown as an object of visual pleasure, but are also portrayed as human beings who are dependent on men for their social and personal status. The character and the role of woman is usually designed in such a way that she not only satisfies the unconscious sexual desire of men but at the same time, fits into the order of male dominated society. The dominant patriarchal order is woven i n the erotic representation of women in cinema (Mulvey 59). However, what is more disturbing than the image of women as weaker sex is the monstrous image of women shown in the movies. The reason behind this lies in the unconscious fears that are harboured by male human minds and hence, can be explained with the aid of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis Explains Monstrous-Feminine Since ancient times, women have suffered secondary status and inferior treatment at the hands of men in the societies. Men treat women in ill

Advertisement of cars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertisement of cars - Essay Example This advertisement is the reflection of the vanity and pride which the Mercedes possess, and it transfers the same to its customers. The intent of price was to restrict and warn the interested parties who simply approach for the sake of details but are never serious about procurement. The intent behind the publication of the price on the advertisement was to apply a filter to obtain serious customers only. It is important to note that colour of the car in the advertisement. There is a high possibility that this model has been launched with different body colors, but why color black was chosen? Black is a reflection of elite and privileged class, the colour has more admiration against criticism therefore black was perfect choice. The position of the car is itself a key to perfect advertisement. In this advertisement, the company has shown the complete layout of the car. Generally, the manufacturers prefer publication of the front, possibly because the side view is not at all attractiv e. In this advertisement, Mercedes has been dignified enough not to follow the common trend and has published the side view to give the interested customer better information about the product. In the advertisement, it is common practice as per which the precisely you reflect, the true customers you target. The precise projection of the brand will be the key in the identification of the interested customers.The one-word CHECKMATE is the reflection of the perfection and quality which the product inherits, as per the vendor BMW.... This advertisement is not for youth and energetic crowd, it is for people with style and devour. In dot at the end of checkmate is another important part of the advertisement, though it is a simple dot but it symbolizes the pride of the company. The intent of advertisement is not to appeal or request the interested customer; rather it is only information from the company. In this advertisement, the company has been reluctant to share any information about the brand, and has published the contact details. The intent behind such a strategy can be that probably there are other new models for customer review. The colour and font of word CHECKMATE are clear, but the colour of the web address posted by the company is not at all visible for the public especially during night time, therefore the advertisement will probably fail to communicate the message. Keeping in view that the target audience of the brand is elite and rich class between an age group of 45-60, the selection of fonts and co lour is not perfect. Advertisement - III This advertisement by Audi has been regarded as offensive approach of Audi against BMW. In this advertisement, the manufacturer has been blunt about its vehicle and has tried to publicly challenge its competitor. The target crowd of this advertisement is not the general customers, but the management of BMW and its customers. AUDI has simply challenge the design and model of BMW, and has launched their distinct model. After studying this advertisement, we conclude that the company has tried to avoid detail description of the brand and its feature, and has tried to resemble its product with the world's outclass automobile

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Whatever the source, the opportunity should be able to generate profit. The business idea in this case came up due to an unmet need in the market. The entrepreneur after visiting several restaurants trying out different Indian cuisines was disappointed as he could not get really good fresh spices. After careful research, he discovered that there was lack of reliable source of good quality spices at an affordable cost and this presented an opportunity for a business venture. The idea could be exploited through development of a new product (high quality freshly ground spices). An entrepreneur has to consider the target market and aim at fulfilling unmet needs (Shane, 2003). As such this was a good idea as the market was untapped and many customers (restaurants) were in need of fresh good quality spices. Another aspect is that the idea should not be easy to imitate hence creating barriers for new entrants (Butler, 2004). This product was to be made using a new production process and storage system and this was made possible by use of a well qualified engin eer who could make such spices. The entrepreneur was well connected with people who knew buyers of spices and hence no problems with distributing the product (Greene, 2011). The idea was also feasible due to the fact that it does not require heavy investment as the production process is very simple. It involves use of freshly ground spices but which would not loose taste due to storage. Other producers were unable to store spices due to loss of taste hence could not fulfil the needs of the customers (Hougaard, 2005). Another advantage was that, since the idea was new there was no dominant design established. This could have hindered the entry of the new venture. Honest Tea was established in 1998 and the entrepreneurial opportunity arose when one of the founders discovered an unmet need in the beverage industry. After consuming beverages on a hot day, his thirst was not quenched thus

Mechanism Of Electromechanical Induction Meter Information Technology Essay

Mechanism Of Electromechanical Induction Meter Information Technology Essay As the dismal economy spawns desperate measures, most of the residents of our beloved city, Karachi are resorting to a hazardous practice which is stealing electricity. Many utilities say energy theft has risen sharply during the recent economic downturn. Culprits include residential customers whose power is turned off when they fall behind on the bills and small businesses struggling to keep their doors open. They are using a wide array of tactics. Some run wires from utility lines directly into a circuit-breaker panel to bypass the electric meter. Others attached cables on either side of a meter, swipe meters from vacant houses when theirs are removed or tamper with meters to lower their electric bills. People from KESC are finding more and more people are stealing electricity because of the poor economy, said by the sources of electricity supplying corporation. It has been investigated that 3,197 cases of theft in January and February, a 28% jump over the year-ago period. Customers have stolen power for decades, costing utilities 1% to 4% of revenue or about RS 49 billion industry wide each year, according to Electric Light Power magazine. Losses are borned by other customers. Many thieves operate home-based marijuana farms that use lots of lights and power. But the problem is basically mushrooming. Meanwhile, consulting firm Detectent has identified a double-digit arise in business thefts the past six months, many by energy-guzzling restaurants. In Landhi, Deen Baksh, 48, was charged last fall with3 meter rigging. DTE Energy says he helped about 50 downtown businesses cut their gas and electric bills by more than RS.1 million or 30% to 50% each the past several years. The practice is actually dangerous. Touching a power line may burn or even kill an untrained person. In Philadelphia this month, an illegal electricity hookup in a row house resulted in a spark a fire that killed a 30-year-old woman and her 8-year-old daughter. Utilities often learn of thefts from meter readers, neighbors or may be abnormal use patterns. They expect to detect fraud earlier as they roll out smart meters that can remotely monitor electricity usage. Electricity theft can be in the form of fraud (meter tampering), stealing (illegal connections), billing irregularities, or unpaid bills. Estimates of the extent of electricity theft in a sample of 102 countries for 1980 and 2000 are studied. The evidence shows that theft is increasing in most of the regions of the world. The financial impacts of theft has reduced income from the sale of electricity and the necessity to charge more to consumers. Electricity theft is closely related to governance indicators, with higher peaks of theft in countries without effective accountability, political instability, low government effectiveness and high levels of corruption. Electricity theft can be lowered by applying technical solutions such as tamper-proof meters, managerial methods such as inspection and monitoring, and in some cases restructuring power systems ownership and regulation. The main purpose of our report is to present solution to economic problems and then economy rate will become higher. And that loss which KESC have to bear due to this problem will be decreased. Economically this idea has great benefit both for masses and society. Once the theft of electricity would be detected then steps will be taken to stop it which will yield in discouraging the people using electricity illegally. Energy will be distributed to everyone justly thus everyone will be paying charges of only the amount they consume. Energy generating and distributing bodies will not be having extra load over their lines thus no power trips and break downs will occur so no extra money required for correcting such problems. CHAPTER NO 01 ELECTRIC METER 1.1 ELECTRIC METERS: An electric meter or energy meter is equipment that can measure the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically powered device. Electric meters are usually calibrated in billing units; the most common is the kilowatt hour. Periodic readings of electric meters give billing cycles and energy used during a cycle. In settings when energy savings during certain periods are desired, meters may measure demand which is the maximum use of power in some interval. In some areas, the electric rates are higher during specific times of day for encouraging reduction in use. Also, in some areas meters have switches to turn off nonessential equipment. Electricity meters work by continuously measuring the instantaneous voltage (volts) and current (amperes) and then finding the product of these to give instantaneous electrical power (watts) which is afterwards integrated against time to give energy used (joules, kilowatt-hours etc.). Meters for smaller services (for instance small residential customers) can be connected directly in-line between source and customer. For larger loads, i.e. more than about 200 amps of load, current transformers are used, so that the meter can be located other than in line with the service conductors. The meters fall into two basic categories, electromechanical and electronic. 1.1.1 Mechanism of electromechanical induction meter. 1. Voltage coil many turns of fine wire encased in plastic, connected in parallel with load. 2. Current coil three turns of thick wire, connected in series with load. 3.Stator-concentrates and confines magnetic field. 4.Aluminum rotor disc. 5. Rotor brake magnets. 6. Spindle with worm gear. 7. Display dials note that the 1/10, 10 and 1000 dials rotate clockwise while the 1, 100 and 10000 dials rotate counter-clockwise. The electromechanical induction meter operates by counting the revolutions of an aluminum disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. The number of revolutions is thus proportional to the energy usage. It consumes a small amount of power, typically around 2 watts. The metallic disc is acted upon by two coils. One coil is connected in such a way that it produces a magnetic flux in proportion to the voltage and the other produces a magnetic flux in proportion to the current. The field of the voltage coil is delayed by 90 degrees using a lag coil.[16] This produces eddy currents in the disc and the effect is such that a force is exerted on the disc in proportion to the product of the instantaneous current and voltage. A permanent magnet exerts an opposing force proportional to the speed of rotation of the disc. The equilibrium between these two opposing forces results in the disc rotating at a speed proportional to the power being used. The disc drives a register mechanism which integrates the speed of the disc over time by counting revolutions, much like the odometer in a car, in order to render a measurement of the total energy used over a period of time. The type of meter described here is basically used on a single-phase AC supply. Different phase configurations use additional voltage and current coils in them. 1.1.2 CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT) METERING: Huge businesses or multi storey buildings use so much power that they cant be connected to the network via the usual methods so in order for these sites to be metered, the load needs to be broken down so the meter will be able to cope with it and then be multiplied out again in order to get the full amount of power being used. This is known as CT metering. Actually the load comes into a CT chamber from where it is then distributed from buzz bars containing transformers to CT links and then into the meter. The CT chamber also goes into the customers switchboard. The rating of the transformers finds out the multiplier to be applied when calculating true usage. 1.1.3 METER USED IN THE PROJECT: The meter used in our final year project is electromechanical induction meter. 1.2 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT: Kilowatt hour is the most common unit of measurement on the electricity meter which is equal to the amount of energy used by a load of one kilowatt over a period of one hour, or 3,600,000 joules. Some electricity companies also use the SI mega joule instead. Remote current and voltage sensors are be read and programmed remotely by modem and locally by infra-red. The circle with two dots is the infra-red port give the reading. Tamper-evident seals are also present in some meters. Demand is usually measured in watts, but averaged over a period, most often a quarter or half hour 1.3 ELECTRICITY THEFT: Meters can be controlled to make them under-register, effectively permitting power use without paying for it. This theft or fraud can be dangerous and also dishonest. Electricity theft can be in the form of i)fraud (meter tampering) ii)stealing (illegal connections) iii)billing irregularities iv)Unpaid bills. Another common method of tampering on older meters is to attach magnets to the outside of the meter. They magnetically saturate the coils or current transformers, preventing the alternating current from forming eddy currents in the rotor, or inducing voltages in the current transformer. Also rectified DC loads cause mechanical (but not electronic) meters to under-register. DC current does not cause the coils to make eddy currents in the disk so this causes reduced rotation and a lower the bill. Some combinations of capacitive and inductive load can also interact with the coils and mass of a rotor and cause reduced or reverse motion. 1.3.1 Basic Layout Of The Project Including Electricity Theft Possibilities: Bypass wire Breaker to cut out the meter Home Neutral Wire, neutral current iN Phase wire, phase current iP Earth wire Meter Case 1: If there is no bypassing of the meter and the entire load is OFF. iN (Neutral current) = iP (Phase Current) = 0 Case 2: If there is no bypassing of the meter and the entire load is ON. iN (Neutral Current) = iP (Phase current) = some value Case 3; If there is meter bypassing and the entire load is ON. iP (Phase current ) = 0 iN (Neutral Current) = load The first target is to sense / measure phase and neutral current. And if case 3 is verified than it will be a theft case. 1.3.2 Outcomes Of Electricity Theft: The evidence shows that theft is vastly increasing in most regions of the world. The financial impacts of theft have resulted in reduced income from the sale of electricity and the necessity to charge more to consumers. Electricity theft is closely concerned to governance indicators, with higher levels of theft in countries without effective accountability, political instability, low government effectiveness and high levels of corruption. Power theft has surely become an infamously prevalent practice in many parts of the country, both rural and urban. Many cases go unreported in various cities and villages, costing a lot to our countries burdened economy. People actually pay some local electrician a little money to reverse the electricity meter of the house and/or slow its pace. Some people also learn the trick from an electrician and help their family/friends steal electricity. 1.3.3 General Methods To Reduce Electricity Theft: Electricity theft can be reduced by Applying technical solutions such as tamper-proof meters. Managerial methods such as inspection and monitoring. Restructuring power systems ownership and regulation.. A common method of tampering on older meters is to attach magnets to the outside of the meter. These magnetically saturate the coils or current transformers, preventing the alternating current from forming eddy currents in the rotor, or inducing voltages in the current transformer. Rectified DC loads cause mechanical (but not electronic) meters to under-register. DC current does not cause the coils to make eddy currents in the disk, so this causes reduced rotation and a lower bill. Some combinations of capacitive and inductive load can interact with the coils and mass of a rotor and cause reduced or reverse motion. CHAPTER NO 02 MEASUREMENT OF AC CURRENT: 2.1 DESCRIPTION: Here we have considered household power is single-phase electric power, with two or three wired contacts at each outlet. The live wire (also known as phase, hot or active contact), carries alternating current between the power grid and the household. The neutral wire completes the electrical circuit by also carrying alternating current between the power grid and the household. The neutral is staked into the ground as often as possible, and therefore has the same electrical charge as the earth. This prevents the power circuits from rising beyond earth, such as when they are struck by lighting or become otherwise charged. The earth wire or ground connects cases of equipment to earth ground as a protection against faults (Electric Shock). 2.2 MEASUREMENT OF AC CURRENT: Its very difficult to measure ac current and produce voltage proportional to it. For measurement of ac current Hall Effect devices are mostly used. They produce the voltage proportional to the magnetic field in the air gap by inserting Hall Effect magnetic field sensor in the current transformer core air gap. The circuits below measure the ac current without using Hall Effect devices. 2.2.1 WORKING: FIG 1: An electric current J2 is introduced in the secondary winding of the coil which is proportional to the primary winding J1.Th secondary current can be controller by means of number of turns on primary and secondary winding. The primary winding either have one turn or a number of turns wrapped around it while the secondary winding has usually multiple turns around it. If the current transformer is ideal then the current in the secondary winding is equal to that in primary winding. But if it is possess non-ideal characteristics then the current in both windings will not be equal due to substantial phase angle, error of ratio, and/or wave shape in its output. They are the function of: The properties possess by magnetic core. How much burden on it. How much dc component present in the primary current. FIG2: Due to burden in the secondary the currents in the secondary and primary arent equal. Fig 2is used to reduce this effect .V4 is the voltage which is proportional to the rate of magnetic flux and is introduced by terminating the sense winding 10 to high impedance; the effective burden can be reduced by applying it tin series to the secondary winding after it is being amplified. Now the currents in secondary will be proportional accurately to that in primary since the magnetic flux changes in the core is reduced to zero. Smaller flux changes and higher accuracy will be achieved by higher gains in the amplifier circuit while on the other hand this leads to instability and associated =oscillations in the circuit. This technique is a better measure of ac current but the problem raised may be due to the dc component in the primary current FIG 3: Compensation voltage is generated by using secondary current as input and this voltage is required for driving the secondary current. The voltage generated V1 is proportional to the driving current J2 and the output voltage V3 is produced as an information signal. The advantage of above circuit is that instead of using Hall Effect sensors ordinary current transformers can be utilized to measure the ac current with a dc component .The above current sensor has the following properties: Even in the presence of primary current the current transformer gives accurate output. This circuit uses a relatively inexpensive and simple magnetic core. Stable over temperature and time. Primary current in in effected by noise. The voltage V3 is utilized further to obtain a dc voltage. For this purpose this ac output is passed by a rectifier circuit in order to obtain a dc voltage at the output. CHAPTER #03: MICROCONTROLLERS 3.1 INTRODUCTION: Microcontrollers are devices that have CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers all on a single chip. In other words all are embedded on a single chip. For applications in which cost and space are critical issue microcontrollers are preferred for their above mentioned features. Microcontroller is one of the major components of this design as it plays key role of the coordination between all the components. It inputs current signal and evaluates the theft. The result is then sent to remote office by connecting mobile to microcontroller. AT commands are used for communication between mobile and microcontroller. Microcontrollers are available with different instruction set, registers, speed, packaging and costs. There are many different types of microcontrollers. Freescales 6811, Intel 8051, Zilogs Z8, and PIC 16X from microchip technology are popular 8 bit microcontrollers. Nowadays 16 bit and 32 bit microcontrollers are also available. Microcontrollers are not compatible with each other because each has a different instruction set and registers. Certain important points must be kept in mind while selecting a microcontroller for a particular application. Firstly it must be able to satisfy all computational needs. These computational needs include capacity and speed. Speed: While choosing a microcontroller it should be operating at the speed that is required for the application Capacity: For certain applications programs are too long and they exceed on chip RAM capacity. Therefore it is necessary to consider on chip RAM memory. Secondly it must be compatible with devices used in application. This is an important issue. There are many microcontrollers which support only a particular baud rate and are incompatible with the devices that operate at the higher baud rate. Thirdly it must be available in required quantities and at the required costs. 3.2 POPULAR MICROCONTROLLERS: Two important microcontrollers that are widely used are 8051 and PIC. 3.2.1 8051 Family: There are many members of 8051 family which are produced by different vendors and have different features. Some of the well known are: 8051: 8051 was originally produced by Intel corporation .It has 4Kbytes ROM and 128bytes on chip RAM .Other products are 8052 and 8031 microcontrollers. These two have additional features such as increased ROM capacity, speed and timers. AT89C51:One of the most widely used 8051 microcontrollers is AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation. It is one of the most widely used from 8051 microcontrollers because of its easy availability and low cost. OTP version of 8051: One time programmable versions of 8051 are also widely used. Because of its low cost it is used for mass production. 3.3 PREVIOUS APPROACH: Earlier for project purpose Atmel89C51 was selected and ADC0808 was used along with it to convert current to digital. 3.3.1 ATMEL 89C51: It is one of the most commonly used controllers. The reasons behind its popularity are: It is widely available. Programming language is very simple. All its development tools are readily available. 3.3.1.1 Features: It is low powered and 8 bit microcontroller. 32 I/O lines. 6 interrupts 2 timers. 4K flash memory Serial programming is also possible. The figure below shows the pins of Atmel AT89C51. If AT89C51 is used for the current implementation then following points need to be considered: 3.3.1.2 Interfacing ADC With Microcontrollers: It does not have built in ADC therefore an external ADC is interfaced to entertain analog inputs. Normally ADC0808 and ADC0848 are used. 3.3.1.3 Serial communication: For serial communication it has built in UART mode. There is a special serial register known as SBUF. 3.3.1.4 ADC0808: As current is analog quantity and 8051 can only accept digital inputs therefore an ADC was needed .For this purpose ADC0808 was preferred as it is easily available in markets and compatible with 8051. Due to the compatibility issue atmel8951 was replaced by pic16F877A. 3.3.2 PIC: PIC stands for programmable Interface controller and it is made by microchip technology. PIC is widely preferred for industrial applications due to their low cost, capacity, extensive features and wide availability of development tools like its programmer, compiler etc. 3.3.2.1Features Of PIC: It follows Harvard architecture that is code and data spaces are separate. They even have a separate bus. This allows program and data to be fetched simultaneously. Code space is implemented as ROM whereas for data space we have general purpose RAM. However addressable data space is small. There is only one accumulator. Most of the PIC controllers are 8-bit microcontroller that all data should be in 8 bits and all operations are also performed in 8 bits chunks. They also support instructions, operations and commands that allow user to work on single bit. It has predefined instruction set with few changes for different versions .The instruction set includes instructions that support direct memory addressing as well as indirect addressing. It also supports conditions and branching. Newer versions of pic also have built in ADC into the microcontroller. PIC have hardware call stack which cannot be accessed through software. They save return addresses. TYPES OF PIC MICROCONTROLLERS: There are many PIC series of which well known are as follows: PIC17 SERIES PIC18 SERIES PIC32 SERIES PIC24 SERIES PIC16 SERIES For the project PIC16f877A is covered in detail therefore PIC 16 series is discussed briefly. 3.3.2.2 PIC16 Series: PIC16 Series are small, fast, and are available in most of areas. There are many different variants of pic16 series in which some have more I/O pins some have ADC, some have more memory. 3.4 CURRENT APPROACH: 3.4.1 PIC16F877A: For this project pic 16f877A has been used .The reasons behind using it were as follows: It is widely available in most of the areas. It has built in 10 bit ADC that was needed for our project. Its compiler and programmer were also easily available. It supports baud rate required for our application and it is compatible with devices that are used. It is relatively easy to program. The details of the pins are provided in the Appendix A 3.4.1.1 Features Of PIC16F877A: It is a 40 pin device 5 I/O ports A, B, C, D and E some pins are multiplexed so that they can be used for peripheral functions. 15 interrupts 8 A/D input channels 35 single word instructions and 1 instruction is composed of 14 bits. 20 MHz operating speed Data memory of 368 bytes EEPROM memory of 256 bytes 3 timers 2 analog comparators. 3.5 HARDWARE SECTION: Hardware design of PIC consists of combining different modules and devices with the controller that work together in order to attain information from the E-meter and read into the micro-controller. In this section ports, oscillators, registers of PIC that are used for implementing the design are briefly discussed: 3.5.1 Oscillator: External oscillator with a frequency of 12 MHz is used in order to achieve clock speed of 8MHz.The baud rate is set at 9600kbps. Internal oscillator of pic is not used. 3.5.2 I/O Ports: As the current has to be sensed through the microcontroller therefore portA is used and is configured for analog input (AN0 to AN7). Its corresponding direction register is TRISA. 3.5.3 Analog to Digital Converter Module: PIC16F877A has eight pins for Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter module. The conversion of an analog input signal results in a corresponding 10-bit digital number. It can even operate in sleep mode. The A/D clock must be derived from the A/Ds internal RC oscillator. The AD module has four registers adresh, adresl, adcon0 and adcon1. The 10 bit AD result is stored in adresh and adresl registers.ADCON1 is used for configuration of port pins. The operation of AD module is controlled through ADCON0. 3.5.4 USART: In order to generate alarm at remote office, controller is connected to mobile. The phone is connected to Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) module which is one of the two serial I/O modules of PIC16F877A. USART is also known as a Serial Communications Interface or SCI. USART uses standard Non-Return to- Zero (NRZ) format (one Start bit, eight or nine data bits and one Stop bit). The USART transmits and receives the LSB first. The transmitter and receiver function independently. 3.6 SOFTWARE DESIGN: 3.6.1 Development Tools: The code is written in pic basic pro language. The code is then converted to hex via microcode studio and hex code is loaded into pic16F877A through quad programmer. Microcode studio is used because its free version is easy available on internet. For compiler three header files are made. One file is used by compiler other is used by programmer. The file with the extension .BAS is used by pbp .Pbp then makes .ASM file from it. It then makes .ASM file from it. If code is error free then assembler required output file with hex code in it. This hex code is loaded in the pic by quad programmer. 3.6.2 Program Code: There are multiple parts of the software design, as the micro-controller plays many parts in the coordination of the instrumentation panel. Firstly internal ADC of the PIC16F877A is configured to sense the current. The next step for the code is to check if input is greater than 0 .If it is greater than 0 then a message is sent to remote office through mobile. For this AT commands are used that are specially made for communication between GSM modules and microcontroller. Other than the mentioned AT commands in the following table are in appendix B COMMANDS PURPOSE ATZ AT+CMGF 3. AT+CMGS 4. AT+CMGL Recall Stored Profile Message Format Send Message List Messages CHAPTER NO 04: WIRELESS ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES: 4.1 EVOLVING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES IN PAKISTAN: There are two important wireless access technologies that can be used within Pakistan and are feasible for our project and that are: WIMAX GSM 4.2 GSM TECHNOLOGY: For mobile telephony systems in the world, the most popular standard is GSM. The GSM Association estimated that 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard. 1.5 billion People across more than 212 countries and territories uses GSM technology for their benefits. This means that subscribers can use their phones throughout the world between mobile network operators, enabled by international roaming arrangements. GSM is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system because GSM differs from its predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech channels are digital. GSM also facilitates the wide-spread implementation of data communication applications into the system. The GSM standard provides an advantage to both consumers, who may benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without replacing phones, and also to network operators, who can choose equipment from many GSM equipment vendors.GSM also pioneered cheapest implementation of the short message service (SMS), also called text messaging, which has since been supported on other mobile phone standards as well. A worldwide emergency telephone number feature is also provided by this standard. GSM also supports indoor coverage and may be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station, or an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas fed through power splitters, to deliver the radio signals from an antenna outdoors to the separate indoor distributed antenna system. When a lot of call capacity is needed indoors then these are typically deployed; for example, in airports or shopping centers. However, this is not a prerequisite, since indoor coverage is also achieved by in-building penetration of the radio signals from any nearby cell. The modulation technique used in GSM is Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK). It is a kind of continuous-phase frequency shift keying. In Gaussian minimum-shift keying, the signal to be modulated onto the carrier is first smoothed with a Gaussian low-pass filter prior to being fed to a frequency modulator, so it greatly reduces the interference to neighboring channels (adjacent-channel interference). 4.2.1 GSM CARRIER FREQUENCY: GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), the most 2G GSM networks operating in the 900Â  MHz or 1800Â  MHz bands. The 850Â  MHz and 1900Â  MHz bands were used instead, Where these bands were already allocated (for example in Canada and the United States). In some countries the 400 and 450Â  MHz frequency bands are assigned In rare cases because they were previously used for first-generation systems. In Europe Most 3G networks operate in the 2100Â  MHz frequency band. Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided into timeslots for individual phones to use. That is why it allows eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots (or eight burst periods) are further grouped into a TDMA frame. In the same timeslot half rate channels use alternate frames. The channel data rate for all 8 channels is 270.833Â  kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615Â  ms. The transmission power limited in a handset to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM850/900 and 1 watt in GSM1800/1900. 4.2.2 NETWORK STRUCTURE: The network is structured into a number of discrete sections: The Base Station Subsystem (the base stations and their controllers). The Network and Switching Subsystem (the part of the network most similar to a fixed network). This is also called the core network. The GPRS Core Network (the optional part which allows packet based Internet connections). For maintenance of the network, the Operations support system (OSS). 4.2.3 SMS MODES IN GSM: We have two types of SMS modes in GSM SMS Text Mode SMS PDU Mode The text mode (It is unavailable on some phones) is simply an encoding of the bit stream. It is represented by the PDU mode. There are several encoding alternatives when displaying an SMS message and Alphabets may differ. The most common options are PCCP437, PCDN, 8859-1, IRA and GSM. These are

Cansecos Steroid Allegations :: essays research papers

In Jose Canseco’s 60 Minutes interview, he stated that he and some of his teammates used steroids in the past. With all the hoopla surrounding Major League Baseball and its connection with allegations made by BALCO president Victor Conte, this report is intriguing at the least. High profile athletes such as Jason Giambi and Barry Bonds have been under direct scrutiny over the past year because of the steroid issue. Canseco firmly states that he and former teammate Mark McGwire casually injected together during their playing days as an Oakland Athlete. â€Å"After batting practice or right before the game, Mark and I would duck into a stall in the men’s locker room, load up our syringes and inject ourselves† with steroids, starting in 1988, Canseco wrote, according to an excerpt made by the N.Y. Times. Tony Larussa, manager of the A’s at the time denies that his players ever used steroids. Supposedly, steroids give an edge to a players’ psyche as we ll as increased size and strength. Larussa then reiterated that McGwire got his strength and size from weightlifting and a careful diet. In a league where the most glaring aspect of the sport is the art of the homerun, it seems as if these allegations could be possibly true. Homerun king Mark McGwire has made a name for himself with hitting the long ball. He and Sammy Sosa, another alleged user has a hit an impressive amount of homeruns over the span of their careers. Canseco also called out former Texas Ranger Rangers teammates, Ivan Rodriguez, Jose Gonzalez, and Rafael Palmeiro. All the players named above are potential Hall of Famers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reports made by Canseco have sparked another issue as to where the integrity of the sport lies, which is very significant to sport management. Baseball is America’s pastime and it’s a shame to see how the image of the sport is being tainted by these allegations. Although baseball recently adopted a tougher steroid-testing program due to the BALCO trial, it will take some time for the MLB to rid themselves of these issues. With new stiffer testing, the production of the major leagues elite might decline in the upcoming years. Sosa and McGwire chased Roger Maris homerun record of 61 by totally eclipsing it, smashing 66 and 70 homeruns respectively. Maris’s record was one of the longest standstill records in baseball history before the record was broken.

The Evolving Finance Function

The finance department provided a wide range of financial services to them. * The forecasting & analytics department was merged with the finance department. * Recruitment in the finance department were higher than the other departments, which consisted of Mamba's from good B- schools in USA. * There was no rigidity ; the finance department was constantly re-structured. Pre-conditions that enabled Mercer's finance group to develop its capabilities: * The company was constantly rated amongst the best in the U. S. A. They had a vision to grow, which was evident from their financial figures.Exhibit 1} * To cater to the growth they formed several alliances, in the form of Joint Ventures, which led to an increase in their market capitalization. In order to maintain and increase their market capitalization in the future they felt the need to come up with a model which can help them to effectively analyses the returns on their investments in future. * They faced immense competition from the local players in generic drugs and to maintain an edge over them they came up with this model. * As they focused on Innovation, they had huge R&D expenditure which kept Increasing year after year.They did not have a suitable model to classify the expenditure as capital or revenue, nor could they ascertain the profitability from a given product or venture. * Owing to the currency fluctuations and to manage their foreign exchange hedging castles, they came up with a suitable long term revenue hedging model. * They came up a long way under the effective leadership of Ms. Judy Lent, who kept taking Annihilative In carrying out various tasks outside her domain. Her Job Included 25% assignments and 75% Initiative. * Her effective decision making also played an Important role In eloping Merck develop its capabilities.Can other companies develop similar capabilities? * Merck had a highly effective but complex model and improper execution of which could lead to a total chaos. * Their strengt h was Research and Development, which was ten earlier AT tenet pronto TTY. I en same need not De ten case wilt toner companies. * Therefore, if Merck did, other companies too can come up with a similar model. All it needs is being systematic and have efficient leadership. However, organizations can come up with their own models capitalizing on their own strengths and catering to their own needs.

Ways of Protecting the Environment

Our environment is a gift from God so we must take the full responsibility in protecting and preserving it. Good environment can make people feel happy and fit. To improve the environment means to improve our life. Therefore, human beings can protect the environment in three ways: conserving water, recycling, reducing, reusing and saving energy. First, we can protect the environment through saving water. Water is very important to us because we can’t live it. Water which is suitable to drink is becoming less and less. It is because we always waste a lot of water in our daily life. For example, many of the people always turn on the faucet when brushing teeth, washing or rinsing. Instead, we can fill a container with water for our use. Second, recycling, reducing and reusing are other ways to protect our environment. We can recycle the aluminum cans, glass bottles and newspapers. Besides that, we can transfer the organic matter such as potato peelings, leftover food and leaves to a compost heap in the garden and used as a natural fertilizer for the plants. Next, we should reduce the usage of plastic bags because they are non-biodegradable and hard to recycle. Let us reuse the things that are still valuable instead of throwing it away. Donate your old clothes or things to those who are in need. Not only will you protect the environment, but you will also contribute to a good cause. Last but definitely not the least is conserving energy. Let us use compact lights in our houses for they conserves electricity and remember to turn it off when you leave a room. When you do not use a house device like TV, radio, laptops, etc. turn it off as well. It's an easy habit to take up which will help you save a lot of money. Be concern and be a part in protecting the Mother Nature.

buy custom Standardized Testing Undermines Teaching essay

buy custom Standardized Testing Undermines Teaching essay Educational assessment is one of the controversial and problematic fields in the educational practice. One way to assess students is through the use of standardized tests. There is little this criterion has done to enable students do well in their final exams, for instance the High School Exit Exam. In fact, the Standardized testing has considerably undermined the whole learning concept among schools. In the current era throughout the world, there has been suggested a move to find out the stated goals of the curriculum and who is accountable for their outcomes. A key component to this move has found that there are inefficiencies from the standardized tests as a measure of students learning and evaluation among schools. A research conducted revealed that, if a curriculum wanted to pursue students excellence in schools, then the adoption of standardized tests would contribute very little to the students success (Lee 16). The reason cited in this research is that the standardized tests focus assumes an unusually narrow approach to the promotion of excellence. Among is the issue that, standardized tests emphasize only basic ideas in core areas of the curriculum for instance reading, mathematics and science and nothing more. This is particularly limited in the U.S.A., as a result of the requirements of NCLB (Andrew 78). In all cases of these students assessments, these tests do not involve the students in creative study and problem solving. It also does not engage students in skills use and analysis to perform critically reasoning tests. Very minimal in these standardized tests do involve students into meaningful thinking and idea generation. They lack the capacity for meaning factual recall. Apart from idea concerning creativity of students, they lack tests that are also beneficial in areas of child development, for instance honesty, social life and basic life focusing behavior. The worst of it all is that, at the moment, most schools are following this constrained syllabus focus of these tests to continually narrow down their curriculum hence reducing and restricting the quality of learning and educational development (Lee 16). Teaching the content standards is like teaching to test and it is not a wise idea. Put it differently, if the tests are to measure the level of skills that stdents are expected to, this means, therefore, that teaching to test is profound idea. The worst is when these tests are not related at any given level to what is being taught; perhaps teachers solely rely on repeated drills that encompass the old questions to prepare students. Standardized tests have proved to waste a great and valuable learning time for students not only in high school, but deny them a chance to proceed to college (Beanie 79). However, standardized tests have the bright side of it, for instance the time students spend their time preparing for tests, and they often learn valuable skills. The better aspect of these tests is when students learn time managing skills, how to understand passages, following instructions and knowing how and when certain answers can be eliminated. All these are valuable test-taking skills that are of significance to students understanding as they progress through their schools and career paths. Proponents of the standardized tests say that these tests, if well integrated to proper teaching strategies can come with great learning success. Accordingly they say standardized tests are part of instrumental programs; they are not entirely independent. They explain that standardized tests always requires students to demonstrate their skills after learning, especially reading comprehension, to demonstrate the meaning of words in the texts read and pull out facts embodied and try to connect meaning. They say these are skills of a good reader and might be expected in a professional life (Andrew 88). Standardized tests have been used as a constructivism in school as reflected in the curriculum that greatly eliminates grades in this system. Learning is a process; for this reason, it can be demonstrated in a variety of ways and application. This will eliminate cases where a students fail to get admission to college for just falling a point below the standardized limit. Critically, standardized testing does not provide a proper and genuine assessment of the students performance. Over and above they do not provide avenues for improvement in schools. They fall behind the fact that some students cannot keep to the requirement of the materials. If, for instance, a student could not pass a class, he/she was kept back to repeat that class. As per now, with the passage of NCLB, teachers have been forced to ensure that tthe test score for these children remain high in order to keep the schools under operation so that facilities are well utilized (Beanie 79). Standardized testing in the USA is a pretty joke, since not all students who are cut out to proceed to collage, or to take careers relevant to many of their skills that were studied in high schools. For instance, students at a given high school must take a Graduation test before they are permitted to graduate. In this case, they have to pass the test, which normally take a week of time. This time is very significant to a student, in that could be used in their labs or learning entrepreneurial skills that are relevant to their future life (Andrew 90). Standardized testing has lost the originality out of the schools. This greatly impact the art and music classes, as these classes will be the first to be cut when the test are low which means that the school finally lose the funding. This will go a step further to affect students whose interests are art and music at collage after high school graduation. Other extra curriculums are next on the line to go such as agriculture and entrepreneurship. This affects the other core subjects and classes in a similar manner, where teachers are forced to teach from strict guidelines, as per the requirements of the state, which will see the students prepared for testing. On the same note, fun activities and new materials are often cut from the syllabus, especially from the English department. This is to allow them to focus on the test materials, not in a way where the students are interested. In this case, they are mandated to exclude the classic literature out of the curriculum and instead opt fo r grammar and composition writing (Beanie 79). In conclusion, standardized tests are a disservice to the high school graduate of America. According to Pros and Cons of No Child Left behind (2006), these students are forced to learn material that deprives them the research and career development skills. Over and above, they are mandated to learn streamlined material, which have been found to lack the depth and well grounded knowledge that is crucial in their future careers. Lastly, some of these tests have denied most of these students a chance to proceed to college after high school graduation for having fall short of one or two points. Buy custom Standardized Testing Undermines Teaching essay